To the left is an image of a forward flexion activity for a healthy 26 year old athlete. The data on the right is from a 45 year old sedentary lawyer with back pain. In the detail spine animation, the vertebrae that appear in white have sensors attached to them. Here, sensors were assigned to T1, L1 and the sacrum for tracking these individual segments as well as the movement of their respective spinal columns. The graphs below display the degrees of lumbar flexion, flexion velocity and flexion acceleration. While the range of motion is similar for each, note the differences in the smoothness of velocity and acceleration