"We can print a model of a community of 1,000 acres including homes, schools, churches, temples, golf courses and more in six weeks versus five months for handcrafting the model. 3D printing is a breakthrough that I believe will redefine technical communication for the next 200 years." - R. "Partha" Parthasarathy, iKix
 
In his two decades in the computer-aided design industry, R. "Partha" Parthasarathy's first question to clients has always been, "What problems can we solve for you?"

"Getting our projects to market more quickly," was the inevitable answer.

In the AEC world, Partha has discovered that projects are often delayed due to two main reasons inappropriate communication and lack of scientific project management.

Discovering 3D Printing

However, Partha discovered a technology that offered an entirely fresh way to compress time-to-market for architects and everyone involved in building projects: 3D printing.

With 3D printing, one could provide on-demand identical sets of three-dimensional physical models of buildings and communities at every stage of a project to every stakeholder. He instantly realized that this would dramatically improve communication, increase efficiency and eliminate costly errors. Thus was born iKix, India's first service bureau chain for architectural 3D printing.

Based in Chennai, the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu, iKix serves top Indian architects and construction companies like Hiranandani, ETA Star, and L & T South City. Though based in India, iKix is a global company. It accepts orders online and delivers models in the United States through its partner IDEAL Scanners & Systems, Inc., USA. iKix has created about 200 architectural models for U.S. customers alone.

Challenge
INEFFICIENCY OF HANDCRAFTED MODELS
The traditional method for creating an architectural model is handcrafting in cardboard or Styrofoam. Because of the long lead time and expense required to produce such a creation, architects usually commission these models only when it's time to reveal final plans to the public.

iKix, however, can "3D print" a typical project in six to 10 days, far less than the month that handcrafting a model requires, according to Partha. "In fact, we can print a model of a community of 1,000 acres including homes, schools, churches, temples, golf courses and more in six weeks versus five months for handcrafting the model," he says. "The time and cost advantage is even more pronounced when plans change and models need to be modified on the fly."

iKix installed a proJet CJP full-color 3D printer from 3D Systems, which delivers an agility that enables architects and project managers to quickly obtain multiple physical models of a project: one for the architect, the client, the general contractor, the subcontractors and the civil authorities each. "A 3D printer is more than a prototyper," says Partha. "It has become a project management tool."

Solution
3D: THE WAY WE THINK
Architects and contractors have traditionally worked from 2D plans. While seemingly precise, 2D plans, in fact, lend themselves to interpretation and thus misinterpretation. "The human mind thinks in three dimensions, not two," explains Partha. "The architectural community communicates in two dimensions only because there hasn't been a viable technology for readily communicating in three dimensions until now. 3D printing is a breakthrough that I believe will redefine technical communication for the next 200 years. Every design should be represented in 3D, and soon will be. It is my sincere desire that all architects move to 3D soon. Every customer of iKix has come back repeatedly for subsequent projects. They have found the benefits irresistible."

Consider a typical large residential community. It takes perhaps three months to design and 15 months to build. Two months into construction, with all trades working from 2D blueprints, the architect sees something amiss due to a misinterpretation of the plans. A misplaced wall. Or a staircase headed for a support column. The choices are 1) tearing everything down after 20 percent of the project is built, incurring a major loss of time, labor, and material; or 2) accepting the mistake and continuing construction. Neither option works. Handcrafted models don't solve the problem. They are approximations of the plan while a 3D printed model essentially is the plan.

"What is intended in plans is often starkly different from what is executed," observes Partha. "That's why iKix clients are commissioning 3D printed physical models from the earliest stages of the design and avoiding these catastrophes. Clients bring us in early and start making models from the concept stage, which is yielding project management savings in the 3 to 8 percent range, which is huge given the size of their construction budgets."

"The value of the iKix models are really in the time and money saved due to cost and time overruns avoided," says Chander Seetaraman, CEO of CS Designs, a top design firm in India and an early iKix user. "They pay for themselves right at the early stages of the project.

Partha offers the example of a recent urban residential project with hundreds of clustered units. The client was happy with the plans, but when he saw the 3D printed model, he immediately worried the units were too crowded together. The architect moved a pool and fitness club into the center of the site to ease the congestion. This is a solution that all parties would have otherwise missed until the buildings were halfway up.

Civil engineering projects need physical models, too, according to Partha. When officials are planning to build a highway overpass, for example, they must plan temporary traffic flows over the various phases of the job. Having 3D physical models for every stage eliminates confusion and improves construction efficiency.

Results
OPTIONS AND CHANGES ARE EASY
Unlike hand modelers, iKix is able to present clients with multiple options for projects at the earliest stages. "If you present a client with four design options," Partha says, "a client is likely to choose a fifth by requesting elements of the first four." Not only can the ProJet CJP print that fifth option on-demand, clients can move 3D printed models of buildings, pools and parking lots around at will so they can reconfigure a design on the spot. That's because iKix purposefully builds its models in a modular fashion. Handcrafted models, by contrast, are fragile and glued in place, often with an off-putting "do not touch" warning.

The modular nature of iKix models also makes them simple to pack, transport and reassemble at different venues for different audiences. A model used for obtaining building permits, for example, can be packed up and reassembled in the sales office for prospective occupants to view.

Because 3D prints emerge directly from CAD data, they are more accurate than handcrafted models, and it's easy to make multiple copies almost unheard of in hand modeling. It's also easy to scale models up or down without losing data.

iKix chose the ProJet CJP because of the printer's unique ability to print in multiple colors. This is an essential capability for non-technical audiences as well as painting contractors, decorators and exterior contractors. Color is also essential for applying labels and texture to models for maximum impact.

"Full-color, 3D printing simply offers so many advantages," says Partha. "It communicates information directly in the way humans think so they can fully, deeply understand what the project will look like and what the project will be like. How can an architect not take advantage of 3D printing when it will save money and save time? I ask customers to just try it once. When they do, the benefits are overwhelmingly obvious, and they call us in from the beginning of the next project not as a vendor but more as a partner. Like the architect."

Remember, says Partha: Project efficiency decreases quite rapidly as the number of stakeholders increases. Proper communication is therefore key to managing projects well. 3D printed models are a great way to increase project execution efficiencies